CLI Reference

Synopsis

novomodelo [--color <WHEN>] <SUBCOMMAND> [OPTIONS]

Global Options

Option	Type	Default	Description
--color <WHEN>	auto | always | never	auto	Control ANSI color output on stderr. auto colors only when stderr is a terminal; always forces color on — useful under mpiexec which pipes stderr through a non-TTY.

Subcommands

Subcommand	Synopsis	Description
init	novomodelo init [OPTIONS] [DIRECTORY]	Scaffold a new case directory from an embedded template
run	novomodelo run <CASE_DIR> [OPTIONS]	Load, train, simulate, and write results
validate	novomodelo validate <CASE_DIR>	Validate a case directory and print a diagnostic report
schema	novomodelo schema <COMMAND>	Manage JSON Schema files for case directory input types
version	novomodelo version	Print version, solver backend, and build information

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novomodelo init

Scaffolds a new case directory from an embedded template. Creates all required input files (config.json, penalties.json, stages.json, system files, etc.) so a new user can start from a working example.

Arguments

Argument	Type	Description
[DIRECTORY]	Path	Target directory where template files will be written. Required unless --list is given; not accepted with --list

Options

Option	Type	Default	Description
--template <NAME>	string	—	Template name to scaffold (e.g., 1dtoy). Required unless --list is given; not accepted with --list
--list	flag	off	List all available templates and exit. Not accepted with --template or a directory
--force	flag	off	Overwrite existing files in the target directory

Without --list, both --template and the directory are required.

Examples

# List available templates
novomodelo init --list

# Scaffold the 1dtoy example in a new directory
novomodelo init --template 1dtoy my_study

# Overwrite files in an existing directory
novomodelo init --template 1dtoy --force my_study

---

novomodelo run

Executes the full solve lifecycle for a case directory:

1. Load — reads all input files and runs the layered validation pipeline
2. Train — trains an SDDP policy using the configured stopping rules
3. Simulate — (optional) evaluates the trained policy over simulation scenarios
4. Write — writes all output files to the results directory

Whether simulation runs is controlled by simulation.enabled in config.json. Stochastic artifact export is controlled by exports.stochastic in config.json.

Arguments

Argument	Type	Description
<CASE_DIR>	Path	Path to the case directory containing input data files and config.json

Options

Option	Type	Default	Description
--output <DIR>	Path	<CASE_DIR>/output/	Output directory for results
--threads <N>	integer	1	Number of worker threads per MPI rank. Each thread solves its own LP instances; scenarios are distributed across threads. Must be 1 or more.
--comm-backend <WHICH>	auto | local | mpi	auto	Communication backend. auto selects the MPI backend when a binary built with MPI support (the novomodelo-mpi release asset) is launched under an MPI launcher (mpiexec/mpirun/srun), and the local backend otherwise; local forces a single process; mpi forces the MPI backend and fails with a clear message on a binary built without MPI support.
--quiet	flag	off	Suppress the banner and progress bars. Errors still go to stderr

Config-First Principle

The CLI follows a config-first design: config.json defines what to compute, CLI flags define how to run it. A study is fully specified by its case directory — the same case produces the same results regardless of which CLI flags are used.

Concern	Controlled by
Simulation on/off	simulation.enabled in config.json
Stochastic export on/off	exports.stochastic in config.json
Forward passes, iterations	training.* in config.json
Cut selection	training.cut_selection in config.json
Inflow method	modeling.inflow_non_negativity in config.json

Examples

# Run a study with default output location
novomodelo run /data/cases/hydro_study

# Write results to a custom directory
novomodelo run /data/cases/hydro_study --output /data/results/run_001

# Use 4 worker threads per MPI rank
novomodelo run /data/cases/hydro_study --threads 4

# Run without any terminal decorations (useful in scripts)
novomodelo run /data/cases/hydro_study --quiet

# Force color output when running under mpiexec
novomodelo --color always run /data/cases/hydro_study

# Run across 4 MPI ranks (requires the MPI build; see HPC & Cluster Deployment)
mpiexec -np 4 novomodelo-mpi run /data/cases/hydro_study

Output format

novomodelo run prints this summary to stderr once the study finishes. It carries the convergence, policy-rows, and LP-solve lines, plus a Time split block that decomposes the total training wall time into Forward / Backward / Serial phases (see the arithmetic notes below).

Training complete in 4m 12s (42 iterations, converged at iter 38)
  Lower bound:  4.85000e4 $/stage
  Upper bound:  4.90000e4 +/- 2.50000e2 $/stage
  Gap:          1.0%
  Policy rows:  980000 active / 1250000 generated
  LP solves:    84000 (81900 first-try, 2000 retried, 100 failed)
  Avg iter:     6000ms
  Time split:   Forward  2m 51s (68%)   solve 2m 40s · wait 14.0s (8% of phase)
                Backward 1m 9s (27%)   solve 58.0s · wait 7.0s (10% of phase)
                Serial   12.0s (5%)   bound 4.0s · selection 2.0s · allreduce 1.0s · sync 500ms · other 4.5s

The three walls in the Time split block sum to the total training time (Serial = total − Forward − Backward, clamped at zero). For Forward/ Backward, solve is the per-worker mean LP-solve wall time for that phase (cumulative solve time across all workers divided by parallelism, capped at the phase wall); wait is that phase’s worker wait from load imbalance, shown as a percentage of the phase wall. In the Serial line, bound is lower-bound evaluation time and selection is row-selection time; allreduce (MPI forward-bound synchronization) and sync (per-stage row-sync allgatherv) appear only on MPI runs, inserted only when nonzero; other absorbs rayon scheduling overhead plus any unaccounted residual. The whole Time split block is omitted when per-iteration phase-wall timing is unavailable.

This printout is for reading, not parsing. The machine-readable record of the same run is the metadata novomodelo run writes into the output directory — training/metadata.json when training ran, and simulation/metadata.json when simulation ran — which you can query directly with jq:

# Run status and final bounds
jq '{status, bounds}' /data/cases/hydro_study/output/training/metadata.json

# Extract the training termination reason
jq -r '.convergence.termination_reason' /data/cases/hydro_study/output/training/metadata.json

# When simulation ran, fail a CI job if a scenario's output could not be written
[ "$(jq -r '.scenarios.failed' /data/cases/hydro_study/output/simulation/metadata.json)" = "0" ] || exit 1

From Python, novomodelo.results.load_results(output_dir) returns both metadata files as dicts. Every field is documented in Metadata Files.

SLURM clusters

Launching Novomodelo under SLURM (srun/sbatch), the hybrid MPI + threads mapping, the key SLURM flags, and PMI selection are covered in full on the HPC & Cluster Deployment page, alongside how to obtain or build the MPI-enabled binary and a worked AWS ParallelCluster reference architecture.

---

novomodelo validate

Runs the layered validation pipeline, then study construction, the policy load the run would apply, and the boundary reconciliation, as novomodelo run does before training, without solving. It prints a diagnostic report to stdout.

On success, prints a single line of entity counts:

Valid case: 3 buses, 12 hydros, 8 thermals, 4 lines

A warning-free case prints nothing else. When the pipeline raises warnings, a Validation: 0 errors, N warnings in <dir> summary follows the Valid case: line (with <dir> exactly as passed on the command line), then one warning: line per finding, the policy load’s included (warning: <output dir>/<policy.path>: …). When config.json configures a boundary policy, a boundary policy priced at <date> line and a one-line reconciliation summary follow.

On failure, novomodelo prints a Validation: N errors, 0 warnings in <dir> summary followed by each error as an error:-prefixed line, and exits as Exit Codes gives: 1 for a refused case or policy, 2 for a policy checkpoint the operating system refuses to read or a stochastic input it cannot read, which also prints the I/O error on stderr. A case directory that does not exist is reported on stderr without the summary.

When config.json configures policy.boundary, novomodelo validate loads and reconciles that boundary policy, including the version gate. A refusal exits 1, as does a boundary checkpoint that cannot be read. Under --json, a refusal and an unreadable checkpoint both report phase BoundaryReconciliationError; see Policy-load errors.

When the run would load a policy (policy.mode warm_start or resume with training enabled, or training disabled with simulation enabled), novomodelo validate reads it from <output dir>/<policy.path> and applies the same checks: a refusal exits 1 (phase WarmStartIncompatible or ResumeIncompatible), and so does a case whose policy does not exist yet. --output names the output directory.

Arguments

Argument	Type	Description
<CASE_DIR>	Path	Path to the case directory to validate

Options

Option	Type	Default	Description
--json	flag	off	Replace the human-readable report with exactly one JSON object on stdout. On success it carries the boundary-policy reconciliation outcome (configured, boundary_date, report — the last two null when no boundary policy is configured) plus policy_load (mode, unused_stored_bases) when a policy load is configured; on failure it carries an error object with the failing phase and message. Exit codes are unchanged.
--output <DIR>	Path	<CASE_DIR>/output/	The output directory: the policy load reads <DIR>/<policy.path>, and policy.path is checked against it.

Examples

# Validate a case directory before running
novomodelo validate /data/cases/hydro_study

# Use in a script: only proceed if validation passes
novomodelo validate /data/cases/hydro_study && novomodelo run /data/cases/hydro_study

# Machine-readable outcome for a pipeline step
novomodelo validate /data/cases/hydro_study --json

---

novomodelo schema

Manages JSON Schema files for case directory input types. Its one subcommand is export.

Subcommands

Subcommand	Synopsis	Description
export	novomodelo schema export [--output-dir <DIR>]	Export JSON Schema files for all input types

Option	Type	Default	Description
--output-dir <DIR>	Path	.	Directory to write schema files into. Created if absent. Existing schemas are overwritten.

Examples

# Export schemas to the current directory
novomodelo schema export

# Export schemas to a specific directory
novomodelo schema export --output-dir /data/schemas

---

novomodelo version

Prints the binary version, active solver and communication backends, compression support, host architecture, and build profile.

Output lines

novomodelo   v0.18.0
solver: HiGHS 1.13.1
comm:   local
zstd:   enabled
arch:   x86_64-linux
build:  release (lto=thin)

Line	Description
novomodelo v{version}	The novomodelo release version
solver: {name} {version}	Active LP solver backend and its library version — HiGHS 1.13.1 in standard builds; a CLP build reports CLP <version>
comm: local or comm: mpi	Communication backend (mpi only when compiled with the mpi feature)
zstd: enabled	Output compression support
arch: {arch}-{os}	Host CPU architecture and operating system
build: release (lto=thin) or build: debug	Build profile

Arguments

None.

Options

None.

---

Exit Codes

Code	Category	Cause
0	Success	The command completed without errors
1	Validation	A refused case or policy under either subcommand: an error collected into the validation report; a config.json rule, the policy.path guards included; a study-setup refusal (stochastic model, solver profile, admission gate); a refused policy (another software or version, format, state, graph, cost scale); a missing policy directory or a missing or undecodable checkpoint file; a refused or unreadable policy.boundary checkpoint; a refusal met while training (thread count, cut-wire version)
2	I/O or usage	A case directory that does not exist (both subcommands); a policy checkpoint the operating system refuses to read; a stochastic input that cannot be read, such as a declared opening-tree file that is absent; a disk-full or other filesystem failure while writing the policy checkpoint or the training or simulation results after training starts, except the write of one simulation scenario’s results, which is logged and leaves the exit code 0 (novomodelo run); or a command-line usage error — an unknown subcommand or option, a missing subcommand or argument, a conflicting argument, or an invalid option value — reported by the argument parser before any file is read
3	Solver	An infeasible LP or a solver failure, in training or in simulation, or a solver backend that cannot be initialized
4	Internal	A communication failure, an unexpected channel closure, or another internal fault; under novomodelo validate also the load error that escapes the validation report, an AR-coefficient count mismatch (novomodelo run: 1)
5	Stopped	novomodelo run only: a SIGTERM or SIGINT during training stopped the run at an iteration boundary after writing the training outputs and the checkpoint; the simulation is skipped (Stopping Rules — Shutdown Requests)

A dangling reference (an entity ID that refers to a non-existent entity) surfaces as an InvalidReference line inside a semantic-constraint violation (exit code 1).

Error messages are printed to stderr with error: prefix and hint lines. See Error Codes for a detailed catalog, including Policy-load errors. For the cause and fix of the failures a study commonly meets, see Troubleshooting.

Note

Every load failure before the solver exits with the same code under both subcommands, except the load error that surfaces only after the validation report is complete, a scenario-assembly schema error: 4 under novomodelo validate, 1 under novomodelo run. Message texts and renderings are under StochasticPreparationError.

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Environment Variables

Novomodelo reads no configuration from environment variables. Every setting comes from the case’s config/data files and from novomodelo CLI arguments — thread count from --threads, color from --color, and the communication backend from --comm-backend. Terminal width (for progress rendering under a piped stderr) and the hostname recorded in run provenance are queried directly from the terminal and the OS. Two runtime signals are the only environment inputs, and neither is a configuration channel: whether the process was launched under an MPI launcher (consulted only by --comm-backend auto to select a backend), and RUST_LOG, which sets the verbosity of the diagnostic log written to stderr. RUST_LOG defaults to warn, which surfaces deprecation and model-quality warnings; RUST_LOG=debug (or trace) adds diagnostic detail — for example the per-slot boundary-policy reconciliation lines that novomodelo validate and novomodelo run otherwise fold into a one-line summary — but never changes study results, only what is logged.